1、高(gao)低溫(wen)試驗箱體的(de)基本功能
高低溫試驗箱體(ti)(ti)(ti)是高(gao)(gao)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)系統的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分。高(gao)(gao)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)系統的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)功能(neng)是為(wei)(wei)航(hang)天器等(deng)需要(yao)(yao)在極端高(gao)(gao)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)交變環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)下工作的(de)(de)設(she)備提(ti)供(gong)穩定可控的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)模(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)。本文涉(she)及的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)系統需要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍為(wei)(wei)-120℃~170℃。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)部環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)一定的(de)(de)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)與(yu)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)速率(lv)，同(tong)時保(bao)(bao)證溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)均勻性；箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)部溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)達(da)到試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)所需值(zhi)后，需長時間保(bao)(bao)持內(nei)部的(de)(de)流場與(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)場的(de)(de)穩定性。基(ji)于這些基(ji)本功能(neng)，要(yao)(yao)求試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)具有良好保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性與(yu)密閉性。此外，由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)結(jie)構暴露(lu)于劇烈的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)變化(hua)中，對其強度(du)抗性、熱疲(pi)勞抗性都提(ti)出(chu)了(le)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，而箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)部環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)調(diao)控的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍與(yu)升降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)速率(lv)也(ye)對箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)通(tong)風設(she)計提(ti)出(chu)了(le)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)標準。因此，需要(yao)(yao)對箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)設(she)計需求與(yu)參(can)數進(jin)行詳細(xi)分析(xi)與(yu)討論，為(wei)(wei)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)有效設(she)計提(ti)供(gong)基(ji)礎。
2、試驗箱體的具體設(she)計需求
根(gen)據試驗箱(xiang)體(ti)的(de)基本功能，可以得出(chu)其設計需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)主(zhu)要包(bao)括(kuo)：內(nei)(nei)部凈空間尺寸要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，箱(xiang)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)環境溫度指標要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)和機械承載設計要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。
a)試驗箱(xiang)體的空間尺寸要求
由于該高低溫(wen)環境(jing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)系統需(xu)要承(cheng)擔各(ge)種(zhong)大小試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備的(de)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)體的(de)設計內部空間凈(jing)尺寸為10mx6mx8m。整個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)體可依據系統的(de)具(ju)體需(xu)求(qiu)，實現高溫(wen)工(gong)況、低溫(wen)工(gong)況、置換(huan)工(gong)況等工(gong)作(zuo)模式。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)體的(de)設計需(xu)具(ju)有良好的(de)通過性，保證(zheng)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備的(de)正常進出。
b)試驗箱體(ti)內環(huan)境的溫濕度指(zhi)標要求(qiu)
根(gen)據高低溫環(huan)境(jing)試(shi)(shi)驗系統的(de)要求，試(shi)(shi)驗箱體(ti)(ti)需經歷(li)置換工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)、高溫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)以(yi)及(ji)低溫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)，可(ke)實現恒溫控(kong)制。試(shi)(shi)驗箱體(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)溫度(du)(du)變化范(fan)圍(wei)為-120℃~170℃，還需滿足快速升降(jiang)(jiang)溫、溫度(du)(du)均勻性和(he)防止結露結霜的(de)要求。試(shi)(shi)驗箱體(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)平均升降(jiang)(jiang)溫速率(空載(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)下(xia))為3℃/min~10℃/min, 溫度(du)(du)均勻度(du)(du)保(bao)持在±3℃以(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(穩態工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)下(xia))。當(dang)高溫超過100℃時(shi)，溫度(du)(du)均勻度(du)(du)保(bao)持在±5℃以(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei);箱體(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)風(feng)速不大(da)于1.7m/s，露點(dian)溫度(du)(du)不大(da)于-50℃(置換工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)下(xia))。溫度(du)(du)波動度(du)(du)控(kong)制在±2℃以(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(穩態工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)下(xia))。試(shi)(shi)驗系統在低溫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)況(kuang)-120℃下(xia)需保(bao)證在4小時(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)箱體(ti)(ti)外表面(mian)無(wu)明顯結露、結霜現象。
c)試驗箱(xiang)體機械承載(zai)設計要求
試驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)內(nei)外框架在(zai)滿(man)足(zu)保溫(wen)性與(yu)氣(qi)密性的(de)同時需(xu)(xu)具有(you)一(yi)定的(de)強度與(yu)剛(gang)度，能在(zai)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)內(nei)環境高(gao)低(di)溫(wen)交變溫(wen)度沖擊下正常工(gong)作。箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)內(nei)頂部需(xu)(xu)具有(you)單點不小于3噸的(de)機械承載能力，具有(you)一(yi)定的(de)剛(gang)性，滿(man)足(zu)如手動葫蘆工(gong)作、太(tai)陽(yang)帆板展開試驗(yan)等(deng)吊掛載荷需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。試驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)內(nei)地面(mian)部分設計需(xu)(xu)滿(man)足(zu)室(shi)內(nei)氣(qi)體(ti)送、回風(feng)的(de)技術要求(qiu)，且具有(you)良好的(de)承載能力及通過(guo)性。
